Sunday, February 19, 2017

Adamawa State

Location of Adamawa State in Nigeria

Adamawa State


Adamawa
State
Nickname(s): Land of Beauty/ UBA

Location of Adamawa State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 9°20′N 12°30′E
Country  Nigeria
Established August 27, 1991
Capital Yola






Area
 • Total 36,917 km2 (14,254 sq mi)
Population (2005)
 • Total 3,737,223
Time zone GMT (UTC+1)
Geocode NG-AD
GDP (2007) $4.58 billion[1]




Adamawa is a state in northeastern Nigeria, with its capital at Yola. It was formed in 1991 from part of Gongola State with four administrative divisions: Adamawa, Ganye, Mubi and Numan. It is the home of the American University of Nigeria in Yola and Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola. It is one of the thirty-six states that constitute the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Geography

Adamawa is one of the largest states of Nigeria and occupies about 36,917 square kilometres. It is bordered by the states of Borno to the northwest, Gombe to the west and Taraba to the southwest. Its eastern border forms the national eastern border with Cameroon.
Topographically, it is a mountainous land crossed by the large river valleys – Benue, Gongola and Yedsarem. The valleys of the Cameroon, Mandara and Adamawa mountains form part of the landscape.

Economy

The major occupation of the people is farming as reflected in their two notable vegetational zones, tile Sub-Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannah Zone. Their cash crops are cotton and groundnuts while food crops include maize, yam, cassava, guinea corn, millet and rice.
The village communities living on the banks of the rivers engage in fishing while the Fulanis are cattle rearers. The state has a network of roads linking all parts of the country.
The development of many communities in the state can be traced to the colonial era when the Germans ruled a swath of territory known as the Northern and Southern Kameruns from Dikwa in the North to Victoria (Limbe) on the Atlantic coast in the 19th century. These were however handed over, as UN Trustee Territories, to the British at the end of the first World War with the signing of the Versailles Treaty. After a series of plebiscites, the Northern Kameruns joined Nigeria to form the then Sardauna Province, and the Southern Kameruns formed a Confederation with French speaking Cameroon.
Adamawa State is home to the headquarters of two indigenous churches, the Church of the Brethren in Nigeria (EYN Church) with its headquarters in Mubi in the northern zone of the state, and the Lutheran Church of Nigerian (LCCN Church) with headquarters in Numan in the southern zone of the state. The Church of the Brethren in Nigeria (EYN church) was founded in Garkida Gombi Local Government of the state in March 1923 by American missionaries. The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church) was founded in Numan by Dutch missionaries in 1913.

History

Before it became a state in Nigeria, Adamawa was a subordinate kingdom of the Sultanate of Sokoto which also included much of northern Cameroon. The rulers bear the title of emir ("lamido" in the local language, Fulfulde).
The name "Adamawa" came from the founder of the kingdom, Modibbo Adama, a regional leader of the Fulani Jihad organized by Usumaanu dan Fodio of Sokoto in 1804. Modibbo Adama came from the region of Gurin (now just a small village) and in 1806 received a green flag for leading the jihad in his native country. In the following years Adama conquered many lands and tribes. In 1838 he moved his capital to Ribadu, and in 1839 to Joboliwo. In 1841 he founded Yola, where he died in 1848. After the European colonization (first by Germany and then by Britain) the rulers remained as emirs, and the line of succession has continued to the present day.

Emirs of Adamawa

Emirs of Adamawa have included:

Impact of Islamist insurgency

Adamawa State has been impacted by the Islamist insurgency in Nigeria. As of November 30, 2014, the state has become home to camps housing an estimated 35,000 internally displaced persons fleeing violence from Boko Haram in locations such as Mubi, Madagali, Askira Uba, Bama, and Gwoza, in the states of Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe. Another 100,000 internally displaced persons are estimated to be living in households outside the camps, and with friends or relatives. Some Nigerians who had earlier fled to Cameroon have now been repatriated. Yet another estimate placed the number of internally displaced persons around Yola at 400,000. Organizations serving the community include the Adamawa Peace Initiative (API), a group of business, religious, and community leaders, and the Adamawa Muslim Council. The United States Agency for International Development has pledged to provide continuing humanitarian assistance.
A measles outbreak was reported in the camps in January 2015.

Sites of interest

Local Government Areas

They are 21 local government areas in the state namely:

Fufore, Ganye, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Jada, Shelleng, Demsa, Madagali, Maiha, Mayo-Belwa, Michika, Mubi, Numan, Song, Yola, Mubi-South, Jimeta, Girei, Toungo and Lamurde.
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Plateau State

Location of Plateau State in Nigeria

Plateau State


Plateau
State
Nickname(s): Home of Peace and Tourism

Location of Plateau State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 9°10′N 9°45′ECoordinates: 9°10′N 9°45′E
Country  Nigeria
Date created 3 February 1976
Capital Jos



Area
 • Total 30,913 km2 (11,936 sq mi)
Area rank 12 of 36
Population (2006)
 • Total 3,178,712
 • Rank 26 of 36
 • Density 100/km2 (270/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
 • Year 2007
 • Total $5.15 billion[2]
 • Per capita $1,587[2]
Time zone WAT (UTC+01)
ISO 3166 code NG-PL


Plateau is the twelfth largest state of Nigeria, and is located approximately in the center of the country. It is geographically unique in Nigeria because its boundaries surround the Jos Plateau, having the entire plateau in its central and northern part. The capital is Jos.
Plateau State is celebrated as "The Home of Peace and Tourism", an image that has been fractured in recent years by Muslim-Christian clashes in the state. Plateau State gets its name from the Jos Plateau. It has a population of around 3.5 million people.

Geography

Adjacent states

Boundaries

Plateau State is located in Nigeria’s middle belt. With an area of 26,899 square kilometres, the State has an estimated population of about three million people. It is located between latitude 08°24'N and longitude 008°32' and 010°38' east. The state is named after the picturesque Jos Plateau, a mountainous area in the north of the state with captivating rock formations. Bare rocks are scattered across the grasslands, which cover the plateau. The altitude ranges from around 1,200 meters (about 4000 feet) to a peak of 1,829 metres above sea level in the Shere Hills range near Jos. Years of tin mining have also left the area strewn with deep gorges and lakes.

Climate

Though situated in the tropical zone, a higher altitude means that Plateau State has a near temperate climate with an average temperature of between 18 and 22 °C. Harmattan winds cause the coldest weather between December and February. The warmest temperatures usually occur in the dry season months of March and April. The mean annual rainfall varies 131.75 cm (52 in) in the southern part to 146 cm (57 in) on the Plateau. The highest rainfall is recorded during the wet season months of July and August. The average lower temperatures Plateau State has led to a reduced incidence of some tropical diseases such as malaria. The Jos Plateau, makes it the source of many rivers in northern Nigeria including the Kaduna, Gongola, Hadejia and Yobe rivers.

Geology

The Jos Plateau is thought to be an area of younger granite which was intruded through an area of older granite rock, making up the surrounding states. These "younger" granites are thought to be about 160 million years old. This creates the unusual scenery of the Jos Plateau. There are numerous hillocks with gentle slopes emerging from the ground like mushrooms scattered with huge boulders. Also volcanic activity 50 million years ago created numerous volcanoes and vast basaltic plateaus created from lava flows. This also produces regions of mainly narrow and deep valleys and pediments (surfaces made smooth by erosion) from the middle of rounded hills with sheer rock faces. The phases of volcanic activities involved in the formation of Plateau State have made it one of the mineral rich states in the country.Tin is still mined and processed on the plateau.

Tourism

Plateau State is known as The Home of Peace and Tourism and there is plenty to see.
  • The Wildlife Safari Park sits in the middle of 8 km2 (3.09 sq. miles) of unspoiled savanna bush, about 4 km (2 mi) from Jos. It offers a wide variety of wild animals within easy viewing. These include buffalos, lions, leopards, baboons, monkeys, derby elands, pythons, crocodiles, chimpanzees, jackals and the rare pygmy hippopotamus, which is being successfully bred in the 'hippo pool’. The park also boasts great, panoramic views of Jos city.
  • The National Museum in Jos was founded in 1952, and is recognised as one of the best in the country. It is renowned for its archeology and The Pottery Hall has an exceptional collection of finely crafted pottery from all over Nigeria. The museum boasts some fine specimens of Nok terracotta heads and artifacts dating from between 500 BC to 200 AD.
  • The Museum of Traditional Nigerian Architecture is adjacent, with life-size replicas of a variety of buildings, from the walls of Kano and the Mosque at Zaria to a Tiv village. In addition, articles of interest from colonial times relating to the railway and tin mining can be found on display.
  • Jos Zoo is located in Jos city, beside the museum. It has a good stock of animals, birds and reptiles and was established in 1957.
  • Assop Falls is perhaps, the most notable of Nigeria's many waterfalls. Located at the edge of the Jos Plateau, about 40 miles (64 km) from Jos city, on the road to Abuja, this is a popular tourist stop for picnicking, swimming and enjoying the scenery. Assop Falls has also proved popular with people shooting local soap operas and advertisements.
  • Kurra Falls is an area some 77 kilometers southeast of Jos. It is the location of the state's first hydroelectric power station. It is a beautiful area of rocks hills, and lakes, ideal for boating, camping, and rock climbing. There is tourist accommodation available.
  • Wase Rock is a striking dome-shaped inselberg which juts out of the ground to an height of 450 meters. It is located about 216 kilometers southeast of Jos near Wase town. It is one of the only five breeding places for the white pelican in Africa. Because of this, the government now protects about 321 acres (1.30 km2) of land around the rock as a bird sanctuary and for wildlife development.
  • The Kerang highlands are located about 88 kilometres from Jos. These volcanic hills are the source of natural mountain springs, which supply the popular spring water company (SWAN).
  • The Shere Hills include some of the Plateau’s highest peaks. They are a scenic range of hills to the east of Jos which offer a view of the city below. They offer opportunities to mountain climbers and hill walkers alike.
  • Riyom Rock is a rock formation, located 25 kilometers southwest of Jos, near Riyom town.
  • Pandam Game Reserve is a wildlife sanctuary. It is a protected region of natural habitat and is home to hippopotami, crocodiles, and snakes of all types. Local park rangers track local game on foot and guide people to the best viewing areas. This area is still virtually unspoiled by human contact. It offers sports fishing facilities and tourist accommodation is available.
  • Kahwang Rock Formation is a set of basalt rocks, located in Bangai village of Bachi District in Riyom Local Government of the state, the Kahwang rocks have received tourists from different parts of the state, the country at large and on occasions, from outside Nigeria, who visit the site to see for themselves the wonders of nature. This site is however, still awaiting the attention of the Plateau State Tourism Corporation to meet modern standards and to serve as another source of revenue generation to the state.
  • Miango Rest House is a retreat and conference center located in Miango established by missionaries (SIM Nigeria) in 1914. It is located next to Kent Academy, a non-denominational missionary school. The Rest House provides visitors with plenty of opportunities to hike in the surrounding area. The property also features a man-made dam, a farm and is located at the foot of small hill (Mt. Sanderson) that provides a beautiful view of the area.

History

Plateau state has been adjusted to its present borders many times. Colonial manipulation was from a desire to protect the railway construction and guarantee a safe passage of mined tin to the coast.[citation needed] There was also an attempt initially to create a province of largely non Muslims under one Resident.[citation needed] Later alterations came from strong local desires for self-government.[citation needed]
The British began to exert colonial control of Nigeria in the early 20th century. At that time, much of Plateau State was part of Bauchi Province. In 1926, Plateau Province, made up of Jos and Pankshin Divisions, was carved out of Bauchi. The border changed several times in subsequent years as the government sought not to split ethnic groups.[citation needed] In May 1967, Benue and Plateau Provinces were merged to form the large Benue-Plateau State. At this time Nigeria had twelve states.
Following the civil war, Benue-Plateau State was one of several large states which were further split up following pressure on the Federal Government. Under the military administration of General Yakubu Gowon, the country was further divided into nineteen states in 1976 and Plateau State was created from Benue-Plateau covering the area of the original Plateau Province. In 1996, Plateau State was further subdivided to create Nasarawa State which was carved out of the western half of Plateau State by Sani Abacha's military regime.
Tin mining activities began in 1902 under the British and continue to the present day.

Local Government Areas

In 1976, Plateau State consisted of fourteen (14) Local Government Areas (LGAs). New LGAs were carved out of the large ones in 1989, 1991 and 1996, so that today, the new Plateau State is subdivided into the following seventeen (17) LGAs:

Demographics

The state has over forty ethno-linguistic groups. Some of the indigenous tribes in the state are the Berom, Afizere, Amo, Anaguta, Aten, Bogghom, Buji, Chip, Fier, Gashish, Goemai, Irigwe, Jarawa, Jukun, Kofyar (comprising Doemak, Kwalla, and Mernyang), Montol, Mushere, Mupun, Mwaghavul, Ngas, Piapung, Pyem, Ron-Kulere, Bache, Talet, Tarok, and Youm. These ethnic groups are predominantly farmers and have similar cultural and traditional ways of life. People from other parts of country have come to settle in Plateau State; these include the Hausa, Fulani/Kanuri in Wase, Igbo, Yoruba, Ibibio, Annang, Efik, Ijaw, and Bini.
Each ethnic group has its own distinct language, but as with the rest of the country, English is the official language in Plateau State; Hausa is also a common universal medium of communication and commerce as is the case in most parts of the North and Middle Belt of Nigeria.
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Borno State, Nigeria

Borno State, Nigeria

Capital: Maiduguri
Area: 70,898 km˛
Population: 4,588,668 (2005 est.)
Major Languages: Hausa, Fulani
Governor: Kashim Shettima (APC)
ISO 3166-2: NG-BO
Date Created: 3 February 1976
Population Rank: Ranked 12th

History People Local Government Areas Education Business Opportunities Tourism Useful Resources Contact Info

About

Borno State is a state in north-eastern Nigeria. Its capital is Maiduguri (sometimes known as 'Yerwa').

The state was formed in 1976 by the split of the North-Eastern State. Until 1991 it contained what is now Yobe State.

The state is dominated by the Kanuri ethnic group, and is an example of the endurance of traditional political institutions in some areas of Africa. There, the emirs of the former Kanem-Bornu Empire have played a part in the politics of this area for nearly 1000 years.

Borno State occupies the greater part of the Chad Basin and is located in the North-Eastern corner of Nigeria. The State shares borders with the Republics of Niger to the North, Chad to the North-East and Cameroun to the East.

Within Nigeria, Borno State shares boundaries with Adamawa State to the South, Gombe State to the West and Yobe State to the North-West.

History

Borno tradition has it that the people originally migrated from Kanem under the leadership of their Seifawa rulers who build their capital at Gazargamo in the centre of the Komadugu Yobe valley. This town remained the centre of Borno culture and supremacy for well over 300 years. The most famous among the rulers of this period was Mai Idris Alooma. As a result of persistent Fulani onslaughts and the inability of the Seifawa rulers to repel the attacks, Gazargamo was burnt down forcing the people to move further eastwards to Kafela where they again settled and built a capital. Even then, the attacks did not cease and the Seifawa rulers were forced to negotiate an alliance with Muhammed Al-Amina Ibn Mohammed El-Kanemi, a scholar with vast military skills based in Ngala. He surceeded in securing the States and in effect the Seifawa dynasty, with the help of his Shuwa allies.

The succeeding power intrigues between the Seifawa and El-Kanemi resulted in the destruction of both Kafela and Kukawa, El-Kanemi's town and the execution of the last Seifawa ruler in 1846. El-Kanemi's son, Umar, then succeeded to the Seifawa Kingship and consolidated the capital of Borno at kukawa, making Borno in the process, once more a State and one that caught the attention of European States.

The beginning of the 20th century however marked the decline of the glorious Borno empire with Rebeh Fadel Allah, a Cchadian war monger defeating Borno in 1893 and unleashing a seven year reign of terror on the empire. Rabeh so much exhausted Borno of her human and economic resources that the British met with little resistance in their conquest of Borno in 1902. Borno was occupied and diviced between Britain and Germany; thus the origin of the two Borno Emirates i.e. Borno and Dikwa Emirates.

The Emirates of Biu, Fika and Bade though distinct in language, have a lot of cultural similarities with Borno and also trace their genealogy to the Komadugu Yobe valley. Yamtarawala, the legendary founder of the Biu dynasty is said to have contested the Mais-ship at Gazargamo but lost to Mai Mohamed. The establishment of the Chiefdoms of Gwoza, Uba, Askira and Shani originated in this century. The family history of the Chief of Shani starts with Bila Wati, the first of a long line of succession. Askira and Uba became independent Chiefdoms as a result of boundary adjustments between Adamawa and Borno in 1921. Gwoza which is the most cosmopolitan of the Chiefdoms is linked with Haman Yaji who was a famous warrior for some; the notorious marauder for others; and, for the rest, opponent of colonial imperial advances.

People

Local Government Areas

There are 27 Local Government Areas in the State. These are Shani, Kwanga-Kusar, Hawul, Biu, Askira/Uba, Dumboa, Gwoza, Konduga, Bama, Kaga, Magumeri, Gubio, Mobbar, Kukawa, Nganzai, Monguno, Marte, Ngala, Dikwa, Mafa, Maiduguri, Jere, Abadan, Chibok, Guzamala, Kale/ Balge and Bayo.

Education

  • University of Maiduguri
  • Ramat Polytechnic,
  • Borno College of Education
  • Borno College of Science and Technology
  • Borno College of Legal and Islamic Studies (BOCOLIS)
  • Borno College of Agriculture
  • Federal Staff Training Centre, Maiduguri

Business Opportunities

Agriculture and livestock farming which are the main stay of the state's economy have vast developmental potentials. The State is rich in millet, rice, cassava, date palms, fruits vegetables, sorghum, wheat, sweet potatoes, cowpeas, sugar cane, groundnut, cotton, gum arabic and many others.

Diatomite, Potassium/Sodium, Clay, Limestone and Uranium are found in Borno State. Crude oil is also explored in the Chad Basin Area.

Tourism

The natural resources, history, rich traditions and cultural heritage of the people of Borno state provides ample tourist attractions which include - . Jaffy falls, Kuya - Located in Kwaya- Kusar local Government area. The falls flow throughout the year and drop from a plateau, with a height of about fifty feet (50ft), into a valley.

Sanda Kyarimi Park Zoo - A 42 acre wildlife sanctuary which includes a botanical park, the Sanda Kyarimi Zoo is located within the metropolis along Shehu Laminu way. It was established in 1970 as a communal forest reserve.

Lake AIau - A natural water storage formed by River Ngada, it provides water to the Maiduguri Metropolis through the water treatment plant and irrigation to farmers especially during the dry season for the cultivation of spinach, onions and tomatoes, etc. The lake derives its name ‘Alau from legend which says that Idris Aloma, a famous warrior and leader of the ancient Kanem Bornu Empire, is buried there.

Shehu of Borno's Palace - Located at the end of Dandal way in the Maiduguri, the palace reflects therelics and architectural design of the Arab civilization. It is built of burnt-bricks and was constructed by Kanuri Masons and Architects. It is used for Durbar Festivals and the turbanning of traditional rulers.
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Yobe State

Location of Yobe State in Nigeria



Yobe
State
Nickname(s): Pride of the Sahel

Location of Yobe State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 12°00′N 11°30′ECoordinates: 12°00′N 11°30′E
Country  Nigeria
Date created 27 August 1991
Capital Damaturu


Area
 • Total 45,502 km2 (17,568 sq mi)
Area rank 6th of 36
Population (1991 census)
 • Total 1,411,481
 • Estimate (2011) 2,757,000 Increase
 • Rank 32nd of 36
 • Density 31/km2 (80/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
 • Year 2007
 • Total $2.01 billion
 • Per capita $843
Time zone WAT (UTC+01)
ISO 3166 code NG-YO
Yobe is a state located in Northeast Nigeria. A mainly agricultural state, it was created on August 27, 1991. Yobe state was carved out of Borno State. The capital of Yobe state is Damaturu.

Geography

The state borders the Nigerian states of Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, and Jigawa. It borders the Diffa Region and the Zinder Region to the north in The Republic of Niger. Because the state lies mainly in the dry savanna belt, conditions are hot and dry for most the year, except in the southern part of the state which has a milder climate.

History

Yobe State came into being on the 27 August 1991. It was carved out of the old Borno State by the Babangida administration. Yobe State was created because the old Borno State was one of Nigeria's largest states in terms of land area and was therefore considered to be too large for easy administration and meaningful development. Ethnic rivalries within the old Borno State also contributed to the decision.
On 14 May 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in Yobe State along with neighboring Borno State and Adamawa State, due to the activities of the terrorist network Boko Haram. Abubakar Shekau, the leader of Boko Haram, was born in Shekau village of Yobe.

Local Government Areas

Yobe State consists of seventeen (17) Local Government Areas (or LGAs). They are:

Economy

While Yobe state is an agricultural state it also has rich fishing grounds and mineral deposits of gypsum in Fune LGA, kaolin, and quartz. The state's agricultural products include: gum arabic, groundnuts, beans, cotton. The state is also said to have one of the largest cattle markets in West Africa located in Potiskum.

Ethnic groups

The major ethnic group living in Yobe State are Kanuri, while other ethnic communities include Ngizim, Karai-Karai, Bolewa, Bade, Hausa, Ngamo and Shuwa, Fulani (Bura), maga.

Religion

The population is mainly Muslim. . However, there are Christians in the State, with the bulk of them from the Karai-Karai, Bethnic group. 
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